Health Spending in ASEAN (1995)

3.61% Average % of GDP

Health Spending in ASEAN (2010)

4.12% Average % of GDP

Infant Mortality in ASEAN (1995)

38.8 Per 1,000 live births

Infant Mortality in ASEAN (2010)

21.9 Per 1,000 live births

Health Spending Evolution (1995-2010)
Infant Mortality Evolution (1995-2010)
Relationship Between Health Spending and Infant Mortality (1995-2010)

The relationship between health spending and infant mortality in ASEAN countries during 1995-2010 shows several important patterns:

  1. General Trend: Countries with higher health spending tend to have lower infant mortality rates, though the relationship isn’t perfectly linear.

  2. Progress: All ASEAN countries showed improvements in infant mortality rates between 1995 and 2010, regardless of changes in health spending.

  3. Outliers:

    • Cambodia had high health spending but also high infant mortality in 1995, suggesting inefficiencies in healthcare delivery
    • Singapore consistently maintained both high health spending and very low infant mortality
  4. Diverse Approaches: The data reveals different national strategies - some countries increased health spending significantly (Malaysia, Vietnam), while others maintained or slightly reduced spending while still improving outcomes.

Highest Health Spending (1995)

6.79% Cambodia

Highest Health Spending (2010)

6.84% Vietnam

Lowest Health Spending (1995)

1.95% Indonesia

Lowest Health Spending (2010)

1.97% Myanmar

Health Spending (% of GDP) Over Time (1995-2010)
Health Spending (%GDP) 1995 vs 2010
Percent change in Health Spending (%GDP) in ASEAN Countries (1995-2010)

Highest Mortality (1995)

86.6 Cambodia

Highest Mortality (2010)

48.5 Myanmar

Lowest Mortality (1995)

4.0 Singapore

Lowest Mortality (2010)

2.2 Singapore

Infant Mortality Over Time (1995-2010)
Infant Mortality 1995 vs 2010
Percent change in Infant Mortality in ASEAN Countries (1995-2010)
Healthcare Efficiency Analysis in ASEAN Countries (1995-2010)
Healthcare Indicators Comparison
Country Health Spending 1995 (%) Health Spending 2010 (%) Health Change (%) IMR 1995 IMR 2010 IMR Change (%) Efficiency Ratio 1995 Efficiency Ratio 2010 Efficiency Improvement (%)
Cambodia 6.79 5.68 -16.30 86.60 37.30 -56.90 0.17 0.47 176.50
Thailand 3.53 3.88 9.90 23.50 10.80 -54.00 1.21 2.39 97.50
Myanmar 2.15 1.97 -8.40 73.10 48.50 -33.70 0.64 1.05 64.10
Singapore 3.02 3.96 31.10 4.00 2.20 -45.00 8.28 11.48 38.60
Indonesia 1.95 2.61 33.80 50.40 27.80 -44.80 1.02 1.38 35.30
Philippines 3.45 3.61 4.60 32.00 23.30 -27.20 0.91 1.19 30.80
Vietnam 5.09 6.84 34.40 29.60 18.40 -37.80 0.66 0.79 19.70
Malaysia 2.90 4.39 51.40 11.50 6.90 -40.00 3.00 3.30 10.00

The relationship between health spending and infant mortality in ASEAN countries reveals important insights about healthcare efficiency and outcomes:

  1. Initial Observations (1995):
    • Higher health spending did not always correlate with lower infant mortality
    • Cambodia had the highest health spending as % of GDP, but also one of the highest infant mortality rates
    • Singapore had moderate health spending with the lowest infant mortality
    • This suggests differences in healthcare system efficiency and resource allocation
  2. Changes Over Time (1995-2010):
    • All countries improved infant mortality rates regardless of spending changes
    • Malaysia increased health spending substantially (51%) and reduced infant mortality by 40%
    • Cambodia reduced health spending but achieved the greatest reduction in infant mortality (57%)
    • This highlights the importance of effective healthcare interventions and policy over mere spending levels
  3. Efficiency Analysis:
    • The efficiency metric (calculated as the inverse of infant mortality divided by health spending) shows dramatic improvements across the region
    • Cambodia achieved the highest efficiency improvement despite reducing spending
    • This suggests significant improvements in healthcare delivery systems, disease prevention programs, and maternal/child health interventions
    • The data indicates that both the amount of healthcare spending and how effectively resources are utilized matter greatly
  4. Regional Convergence:
    • The gap between highest and lowest infant mortality rates narrowed significantly
    • In 1995: highest (Cambodia: 86.6) vs lowest (Singapore: 4.0) - a difference of 82.6
    • In 2010: highest (Myanmar: 48.5) vs lowest (Singapore: 2.2) - a difference of 46.3
    • Indicates overall regional progress toward better healthcare outcomes
Country Year Health Spending (% GDP) Infant Mortality (per 1000 Live Birth)
Cambodia 1995 6.79 86.60
Cambodia 1996 9.48 86.80
Cambodia 1997 7.99 86.50
Cambodia 1998 6.94 85.40
Cambodia 1999 6.18 83.10
Cambodia 2000 6.32 79.00
Cambodia 2001 7.10 73.40
Cambodia 2002 7.50 67.30
Cambodia 2003 8.37 61.70
Cambodia 2004 7.98 56.90
Cambodia 2005 7.46 52.90
Cambodia 2006 5.92 49.40
Cambodia 2007 5.04 46.30
Cambodia 2008 5.19 43.20
Cambodia 2009 5.49 40.20
Cambodia 2010 5.68 37.30
Indonesia 1995 1.95 50.40
Indonesia 1996 2.00 48.30
Indonesia 1997 1.93 46.30
Indonesia 1998 2.08 44.50
Indonesia 1999 2.28 42.60
Indonesia 2000 1.96 40.90
Indonesia 2001 2.23 39.30
Indonesia 2002 2.24 37.70
Indonesia 2003 2.53 36.20
Indonesia 2004 2.37 36.90
Indonesia 2005 2.40 33.50
Indonesia 2006 2.50 32.30
Indonesia 2007 2.72 31.00
Indonesia 2008 2.46 29.90
Indonesia 2009 2.48 28.90
Indonesia 2010 2.61 27.80
Malaysia 1995 2.90 11.50
Malaysia 1996 2.88 11.10
Malaysia 1997 2.68 10.70
Malaysia 1998 2.97 10.10
Malaysia 1999 3.08 9.40
Malaysia 2000 3.11 8.70
Malaysia 2001 3.57 8.10
Malaysia 2002 3.63 7.60
Malaysia 2003 4.21 7.30
Malaysia 2004 3.90 7.10
Malaysia 2005 3.56 7.00
Malaysia 2006 3.91 7.00
Malaysia 2007 3.81 7.00
Malaysia 2008 3.79 7.00
Malaysia 2009 4.59 7.00
Malaysia 2010 4.39 6.90
Myanmar 1995 2.15 73.10
Myanmar 1996 2.12 71.40
Myanmar 1997 1.89 69.80
Myanmar 1998 1.84 68.20
Myanmar 1999 1.80 66.60
Myanmar 2000 2.12 65.00
Myanmar 2001 2.08 63.50
Myanmar 2002 2.38 62.00
Myanmar 2003 2.28 60.40
Myanmar 2004 2.28 58.80
Myanmar 2005 2.12 57.20
Myanmar 2006 2.06 55.50
Myanmar 2007 1.95 53.70
Myanmar 2008 2.04 64.20
Myanmar 2009 2.12 50.20
Myanmar 2010 1.97 48.50
Philippines 1995 3.45 32.00
Philippines 1996 3.54 31.00
Philippines 1997 3.62 30.20
Philippines 1998 3.20 29.40
Philippines 1999 3.23 28.80
Philippines 2000 3.21 28.20
Philippines 2001 3.00 27.70
Philippines 2002 2.79 27.10
Philippines 2003 3.25 26.60
Philippines 2004 3.23 26.10
Philippines 2005 3.49 25.60
Philippines 2006 3.45 25.10
Philippines 2007 3.40 24.60
Philippines 2008 3.35 24.10
Philippines 2009 3.60 23.70
Philippines 2010 3.61 23.30
Singapore 1995 3.02 4.00
Singapore 1996 2.96 3.80
Singapore 1997 2.90 3.60
Singapore 1998 3.20 3.40
Singapore 1999 2.86 3.20
Singapore 2000 2.41 3.00
Singapore 2001 2.75 2.80
Singapore 2002 2.88 2.70
Singapore 2003 3.81 2.50
Singapore 2004 3.40 2.40
Singapore 2005 3.37 2.30
Singapore 2006 3.26 2.30
Singapore 2007 3.19 2.30
Singapore 2008 3.62 2.20
Singapore 2009 4.13 2.20
Singapore 2010 3.96 2.20
Thailand 1995 3.53 23.50
Thailand 1996 3.84 22.40
Thailand 1997 4.00 21.20
Thailand 1998 3.73 20.20
Thailand 1999 3.50 19.20
Thailand 2000 3.40 18.20
Thailand 2001 3.32 17.20
Thailand 2002 3.70 16.30
Thailand 2003 3.58 15.50
Thailand 2004 3.51 14.70
Thailand 2005 3.54 13.90
Thailand 2006 3.49 13.20
Thailand 2007 3.56 12.50
Thailand 2008 3.97 11.80
Thailand 2009 4.17 11.30
Thailand 2010 3.88 10.80
Vietnam 1995 5.09 29.60
Vietnam 1996 5.01 28.20
Vietnam 1997 4.86 26.90
Vietnam 1998 4.94 25.70
Vietnam 1999 4.88 24.60
Vietnam 2000 5.28 23.60
Vietnam 2001 5.59 22.70
Vietnam 2002 5.14 21.80
Vietnam 2003 5.23 21.10
Vietnam 2004 5.54 20.50
Vietnam 2005 5.86 20.00
Vietnam 2006 6.44 19.50
Vietnam 2007 6.99 19.20
Vietnam 2008 6.61 18.90
Vietnam 2009 6.89 18.70
Vietnam 2010 6.84 18.40

Learn more about the Gapminder dataset at https://www.gapminder.org/data/documentation/

This dashboard presents an analysis of healthcare indicators across ASEAN countries from 1995 to 2010, focusing on two key metrics:

  1. Total Health Spending (% of GDP): This indicator measures the proportion of a country’s GDP allocated to healthcare, reflecting national priorities and investment in health systems.

  2. Infant Mortality Rate (per 1,000 live births): A critical indicator of population health and healthcare quality, representing the number of deaths of infants under one year old per 1,000 live births.

The data is sourced from Gapminder’s global development indicators database, which compiles information from various international organizations including WHO, World Bank, and UN agencies.

This analysis covers 8 of the 10 ASEAN countries (Brunei Darussalam and Lao PDR were not included due to data limitations) and examines both the absolute values and the changes over the 15-year period.

The dashboard is designed to highlight: - Regional trends in health spending and outcomes - ASEAN Countries-specific progress and challenges - The relationship between financial investment and health outcomes - Patterns of healthcare development across Southeast Asia